Newsletter No.3 2021-2022 Season
Newsletter No. 3 : Steel Shot

June 2021
NEWSLETTER No. 3 : 2021–2022 SEASON
Non-Toxic Shot : Principally Steel Shot
Every shooting publication has editorial on a move from lead to non-toxic shot. There are times when although we may not agree with change it becomes impossible to swim against the current. Opinions to one side, this is the present position.
Just over a year ago, following Government
pressure and in order to try to avoid direct legislation. All principal shooting organisations signed a
statement supporting a voluntary transition away from lead shot and single use
plastics in cartridges by 2025.
Cartridge manufacturers took on this challenge and commenced significant research and expenditure in order to produce a suitable alternative to lead shot.
However in March this year due to pressure from their customers such as Waitrose and Sainsburys the National Game Dealers Association voted not to accept lead shot game from July 2022, 13 months’ time!
Steel Shot: What are the Issues
In February 2021 before the National Game Dealers Association announced their members would not take game shot with lead after July 2022, the following joint statement was issued by the four principal UK cartridge manufacturers Eley, Gambore, Hull Cartridge and Lyalvale Express.
Introduction
To meet the 5 year transition period proposed by the shooting organisations we need to be realistic on what is achievable. This information is solely about the issues we face as cartridge manufacturers when it comes to loading steel shot with plastic-free wads.
About Steel Shot
The majority of steel shot for the global ammunition market is sourced from China, this includes the USA and its large ammunition companies. There is currently a large shortage of steel shot within the global industry with the USA taking its lion’s share for its waterfowl sector.
The Manufacture of Steel Shot
Steel shot is initially cut into small pieces from steel wire before being cold headed (pressed) into a ball shape. It is then ground down to remove the excess metal (Saturn ring) before beginning its heat treatment to soften its body.
The availability of steel shot in the past 3 years had declined by almost 40%. This was due to the Chinese Government closing down many factories that were not meeting their strict new air pollution bill. The steel shot manufacturing process if very polluting and uses far more energy compared to making lead shot. For example you can manufacture 500% more lead shot vs steel shot in a like for like time period whilst generating a substantially lower carbon footprint.
Steel Shot is Not as Green as We
All Think!
Cartridge Loading
Steel shot is extremely hard on machinery. It is not as simple as one day making lead cartridges and the next day switching it over to steel. Many companies in Europe are using aged equipment that is solely for the use of soft shot. There are only a few companies who are loading significant volumes in Europe using steel shot. To be able to do this they have invested into new machinery or converted older machines with higher strength parts. There is a significant cost involved in doing so, where is the capital coming from?
Steel shot is not loaded at the same speed
and efficiency as lead so more staff and loading machines will be needed to
maintain existing volumes. As the model
grows the costs will rise – this contradicts the information provided by the
shooting organisations promoting alternative products.
Gun Powder Technology
Steel shot uses a completely different powder compared with lead cartridges. Currently there are only several powder producers in the EU. We are reliant on these companies gearing up to cater for a niche market. It is certainly not as simple as just changing the material within the cartridge.
Our Biggest Problem of All?
The Plastic Free Wad
As a small industry we are expected to now be at the forefront with alternative plastic free products. There are several products available on the market but all niche in their availability and configurations.
As investment into alternative plastic free technology progresses within larger industries it will eventually filter down to smaller industry. The current products using plastic free wads are far from commercially viable to feature in all of our game cartridges.
All configurations and gauges simply won’t be possible within the next four years if a plastic free wad is deemed an essential component with steel shot.
What Can We Do in the Short Term?
We Need to Go Backwards to Move Forwards!
The use of lead in shooting sports is an issue all manufacturers are facing in Europe. The pressure we are facing on the use of plastic wads is a UK problem.
In Europe, the majority of cartridges are manufactured and sold with lead shot using a plastic wad. If lead becomes banned in Europe, manufacturers there will simply make a switch from lead to steel and continue to use plastic wads as before.
To make the plan to phase out lead shot more feasible in game shooting we need to focus less on the wads. As stated, loading steel cartridges has it challenges. However, if we are able to use plastic wads in the short to medium term until alternative materials are commercially available then we can potentially make this happen.
Food for Thought
We hear many comments about other markets who have made the transition from lead to steel shot. The largest world markets for steel shot cartridges current are:
Scandinavia: The cartridges used in this market are 95% steel shot with plastic wads.
USA – Waterfowl sector: The cartridges used in this market are 99.9% steel shot with plastic wads.
COVID-19
As our industry falls within leisure activities, we have been severely affected by the current and previous national lockdowns. Our turnover and profitability have seen a significant decrease and unfortunately, we have had no option but to take our foot off the gas with our planned investments for 2021.
End of Statement made in February 2021.
The Present Position on Non-Toxic Shot : Principally Steel Shot continued
Considering the short period of time cartridge manufacturers have been given to produce a suitable non-toxic shot cartridge with a degradable non plastic wad, I feel all have done really well and now offer suitable cartridges. No doubt others will come available over the next few months.
There are a number of things to consider when non-toxic shot, principally steel, is used in your shotguns.
Shotguns
It is very important to note that you must not use steel shot through a shotgun which has a choke tighter than ½ choke. If you use a shotgun with over ½ choke, when fired a bulge may appear around the barrel in the choke area, thus making the barrels unusable and requiring replacement. I understand shotgun chokes can be reduced to ½ choke but am not an expert on this!
It is very important to have your shotguns checked and the enclosed chart gives details of the various proof marks. As a number of Old English shotguns may have barrels with ¾ and/or full choke, steel shot will not be suitable. An option for these shotguns is Bismuth shot but at over £1 per cartridge and rising it is an expensive alternative. Steel shot is not suitable for Old English shotguns with Damascus barrels. However modern shotguns with Damascus barrels may take steel shot, you must check.
Wads
It could be said that the wad is just as important as the shot. I feel everyone who loves our countryside cannot accept our parkland and fields being covered in non degradable plastic wads which may take years to degrade. I understand the reason why plastic wads are used is they give the cartridges and particularly steel shot a tighter seal with better performance.
Since I took my sporting leases, I have insisted that felt, fibre or biodegradable wads only are used. On the whole we have been successful on this and have kept our ground free from plastic.
Storage of Steel and other Non-Toxic Shot Cartridges
In the past, most of us have kept unused lead cartridges possibly until the following season. I am advised that this could be a problem with steel shot. The shot could go rusty or “ball” up, if stored in any conditions where damp or lack of ventilation is apparent.
As it is unknown how the new degradable wads will perform if stored over a long period of time i.e. more than a season, it is advised that all steel cartridges are used in the same season.
Our Position on Lead Shot
Anyone shooting on land under the control of Ripley Sporting, i.e. Ripley Castle, Hob Green, Cayton, Mountgarret and Nidd may use lead shot cartridges in our new season up to 31st January 2022.
I have the assurance from our game dealer that they will take our game, which may include lead, up to the end of the season. This applies to all game except duck which must as at present be shot using non-toxic shot.
Decision Time!
After shooting lead shot for over 60 years I am now faced with the choice of moving the Shoots to non-toxic cartridges or bury or burn our shot birds. As it is more important than ever for our shot game to enter the food chain, I am not prepared to carry out the latter. So our Shoots must sadly move to 100% non-toxic shot which at present will mean mainly steel shot. From September 2022 we will move to non-toxic shot. This is unless a change in the policy of the National Game Dealers Association takes place.
Our Stock of Steel Shot Cartridges Available From September 2021
As we have always used Lyalvale Express for our bulk purchase of cartridges, I am pleased to advise they will have a steel shot cartridge with a Biodolomer ® wad which is a biodegradable compostable material.
The equivalent to 30 g No.6 shot which is our most popular cartridge, Lyalvale recommend a 30g No. 4 shot which is the equivalent to No.5½/6 in lead. I will hold a stock of 65mm (2½) cartridge in 12 bore which will suit most shotguns. 20 bore will follow once available.
These cartridges will be available in our new season commencing September 2021 so will give everyone an opportunity to try steel shot. I am advised the cost will be similar to lead.
Performance of Steel Compared to Lead
Much has been written on this subject. Some say it is not too big a problem and others say different. The only way is to try and see how you perform with steel or if you have some other type of alloy, it would be good to try it.
There is a silver lining for you concerning steel. It now gives you a good and possibly genuine excuse for missing your birds!! I am advised that it is not worthwhile trying with steel shot for birds which are at the edge of the range of lead. It will only lead to maiming them. With this in mind, whilst we become used to steel shot, I may employ additional pickers up to ensure all birds are retrieved and dispatched quickly.
There could be a downside to the way steel kills our birds compared to lead. When lead shot enters a bird as it is “soft” it normally moulds around the bones and does not shatter them. Whereas steel shot may well go straight through the bird or may shatter bones. When eating a bird shot with steel one must be careful to spot any shattered bone. Also as steel is much harder than lead you must avoid damaging your teeth!
I am sure much more will become apparent over the next few months.
Disposal of Plastic Cartridge Cases
As well as avoiding the use of plastic wads, the actual disposal of spent plastic cartridge cases is just as important. At a cost of around £200/£300 per year it is a small cost to pay to ensure our spent cartridges do not go into landfill or similar. I have used Agri-Cycle for a number of years. They collect all our spent cartridges and other plastic to be recycled into garden furniture and buckets.
For anyone interested
Agri-Cycle Ltd , Barff Farm, Canby, Lincoln, LN6 2AG
Contact: Robert Moore on 01673 878215 e-mail info@agri-cycle.uk.com www.agri-cycle.uk.com
Supply of Cartridges
For possibly the largest and most reliable supplier with an extensive stock of all brands of cartridges, I strongly recommend:
Just Cartridges , Station Road, South Leigh, Witney OX29 6XJ
Contact Charles Bull Tel: 01865 300066 E-mail info@justcartridges.com
Disclaimer
As we are about to enter a whole “new world”. The information I have given is only a guide. It is up to everyone to check that their shotguns are suitable for any new type of shot/cartridge you wish to use.
Ripley Sporting accepts no responsibility
for any accidents to shotguns or persons which may occur in using steel or any
other types of shot/cartridge.



